Philosophy †Plato Essay

2. What is the job of reasoning for Socrates and for what reason is it significant in itself? Clarify three argu-ments Socrates gives for the eternality of the spirit. Quickly clarify Cebes and Simmias’ coun-terarguments utilizing models from the content for help. At long last, in view of your comprehension of the Phaedo give your understanding of the final expressions of Socrates and back it up by refering to the content. In Plato’s The Last Days of Socrates, Phaedo gives a record of the most recent couple of long stretches of Socrates’ life, to Echecrates when he experiences him after Socrates’ passing. In Phaedo’s recounting the story, we find out concerning why Philosophy was so imperative to Socrates, and why he spent his last hours clarifying his contentions about the body and the spirit, to his two companion Cebes and Simmias. Socrates presents four separate contentions with regards to how the spirit lives independently from the body, the first being the hypothesis of contrary energies, supported by the hypothesis of memory, and followed by his hypothesis of Affinity. After he presents his initial three contentions, Simmias and Cebes interpose with their suppositions and counterarguments to Socrates’ initial three, which is then when Socrates thinks of his fourth and last contention †Theory of the Forms. The last and last contention is one of the most significant contentions that Socrates will make all through the entire story. Phaedo closes his record to Echecrates by letting us know of the last expressions of Socrates. Socrates was a notable Greek scholar, known essentially through the compositions of his understudies, for example, Plato who composed the novel where we are reflecting. Socrates didn't record any of his thoughts or information, yet rather ingrained it upon others who took the re-sponsibility of recording it for themselves. During Socrates’ last hours, we discover why Phi-losophy was so critical to him. He contends that the spirit is a different element from the body, and that we should isolate the spirit beyond what many would consider possible from it. He relates this to death, by saying that demise is this liberating and splitting of the spirit from the body. Socrates states, on page 100 line 67d precisely why Philosophy is significant †â€Å"†¦those that go in for way of thinking in the right way who are consistently anxious to liberate the spirit; what rationalists practice is actually this, the liberating and splitting of soul from body. † He accepts that Philosophers live their lives being as near death as could reasonably be expected, â€Å"those involved effectively in theory truly work on biting the dust, and demise is less terrifying for them than for any other person (Plato 67a). † He expresses that in the event that savants want that a certain something, isolating the spirit from the body, at that point they should consistently be near death and to nev-er fear it. Socrates presents his underlying contention that â€Å"everything comes to be through inverse things coming to be from no other source than their own alternate extremes (Plato 70e). † He accepted that everything that exists, has an inverse and more likely than not originated from that inverse. He gave models, for example, â€Å"the wonderful is apparently inverse to the ugly† or â€Å"when something comes to be greater, it must be from being littler previously (Plato 70e). † In clarifying this contention, he presents that between the two individuals from the pair, there are two-forms for the pair to appear. With the goal for something to be large, it needed to originate from being little, it expanded in size yet it could go the contrary way and reduction in size also. This contention identifies with the spirit and the body by saying that being alive has an inverse, which is as a rule dead. All together for the operation posites contention to be sensible, one must have the option to resurrect and be alive, so it is from the dead that living things come to be alive. This persuades the spirit is immor-tal, and existed before the body. Socrates summarizes this contention by expressing, â€Å"the living have originated from the dead no not exactly the dead from the living; and I think we couldn't help suspecting that if this were the situation, it would be adequate confirmation that the spirits of the dead should be some place †from where they were to be conceived once more (Plato 72a). † Following the contention about contrary energies, Socrates offers the conversation starter that on the off chance that we will recollect something, we more likely than not knew about it at a past point in time. This is then the second contention that Plato relates in his recounting Socrates’ an hours ago. What he is pre-senting in this contention, is the way that when we perceive something, it takes us back to contemplate something different. So when we perceive this first article, it triggers our psyches to remem-ber something that is related with that object. In this manner, when we remember something we are recalling back to a past state or time or article. He contends that these memories canat are not normal for the things we have recalled. He summarizes this idea by saying, â€Å"So long as, on observing a certain something, you come to have something different as a primary concern, as or not at all like, from seeing the first. What happens must be memory (Plato 74d). † He doesn’t stop at this, however then proceeds to clarify that we had this information before we even acquired our faculties. At the point when we were conceived, we got the capacity to see, hear, and have the entirety of different faculties, however we had this information before our faculties, so along these lines we had this information before we were even conceived. This contention drives back to his unique point that the spirit exists outside of the body. â€Å"Whereas in the event that we get our insight before we are conceived yet lose it on being conceived, and afterward using our observations we get back those bits of information that we had at some past time, what we call realizing would involve getting back information that was our own in any case; and we’d be doubtlessly right on the off chance that we called that memory (Plato 75e). † Socrates’ third contention before Cebes and Simmias give their counterarguments is his hypothesis of Affinity. This proposes we should recognize things that are material, visi-ble, and transient and things that are insignificant, imperceptible, and godlike. For this situation, the body is what is short-lived, while the spirit is unfading and lives on. While contending this to Sim-mias and Cebes, Socrates states, â€Å"the soul is something that’s exceptionally like what’s divine, deathless, the object of acumen, uniform, undissolved, and consistently in the very same state as it ever might have been; while body in its turn is something extremely like what’s human, mortal, thoughtless, diverse, keeping an eye on disintegration, and never equivalent to it was (Plato 80b). † This is one more contention that demonstrates his point that when the body bites the dust, the spirit despite everything lives. He raises the point in this argu-ment that the spirit may meander, yet in the long run it is placed into an alternate body or it will invest its energy with the Gods. After his third contention, Simmias and Cebes at long last contribute and give their counterargu-ments to Socrates. Simmias is the first to introduce his counterargument, by looking at the subject of the spirit existing after the passing of the body, to the attunement of an instrument. He states, â€Å"The contention would go, there’d be no chance that the lyre could keep on existing as it does, with the strings broken, or that the strings could, while the attunement, which is of a similar sort and a similar family as the awesome and deathless, had just died, before the human (Plato 86a-c). † He is contrasting the body with an instrument, and the spirit to the attunement. At the point when the instrument is no longer there, on the off chance that it was totally broken or consumed, there would never again be a tune. The tune of one instrument doesn't simply venture out to a different instrument when the first one is no more. Cebes then gives his counterargument, not concurring with the one Simmias simply made and not ful-ly concurring with all of Socrates’ contentions. Cebes contention expresses that the spirit does even now live on after the body is dead, yet that it isn't totally eternal. He at that point thinks about the body to a shroud and the spirit to the body, expressing â€Å"someone may express exactly the same things about soul and body as about the weaver and his shroud, that the spirit is something seemingly perpetual, while the body is a more vulnerable and shorter-lived thing, however no different, he’d state, each and every spirit destroys numerous body ies, particularly on the off chance that it has a long life †for if the body is in motion, and is dying even while the per-child is alive, still the spirit consistently weaves again whats being exhausted. (Plato 87e). † This argu-ment he presents expresses that a spirit can live through numerous bodies, as an individual can experience numerous shrouds each as they wear out. He completes his contention by expressing that â€Å"there’s no justifica-tion yet for depending on this contention of yours, and it gives us no consolation that when we pass on our spirit despite everything exists some place (Plato 88a). † Socrates last words toward the finish of Phaedo’s account were, â€Å"Crito, we owe a rooster to As-clepius; pay our obligation and no overlooking. † As indicated by Greek fantasy, the chicken represents a harmony offering to the god Asclepius so as to get a fix. For this situation, Socrates was preparing to bite the dust. This could mean just two things to me, the first being that he was being restored of his life by kicking the bucket and being nearer than any time in recent memory to the one thing that savants devote their chance to, sep-arating his spirit from his body and having that spirit be free. The second translation I concocted is that he offered this rooster to the god Asclepius to stay away from any mishap after he kicks the bucket, while his spirit is as yet living. With everything taken into account, Socrates had numerous profound and interesting contentions concerning why the spirit and the body are isolated, and why the spirit keeps on living after the body has died. W

The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were free essay sample

The Crusades Essay, Research Paper Crusades were Christian military endeavors sorted out predominantly to recover Palestine during the Middle Ages. Palestine, other than called the Holy Land, was of import to Christians since it was where Jesus Christ had lived. Palestine lay along the eastern beach of the Mediterranean Sea, and Muslims had assumed responsibility for it from Christians. The reformers, who originated from Western Europe, sorted out eight significant undertakings between A.D. 1096 and 1270. This was a period when Western Europe was spread trip its monetary framework and expanding its military powers. The Crusades were a segment of a wide Christian amplification movement. Rulers, Lords, and 1000s of knights, provincials, and townsfolks took parcel in the Crusades. They had two finishes, to determine enduring control of the Holy Land and to secure the Byzantine Empire, a Grecian Christian imperium focused in southeasterly Europe, from the Muslims. Be that as it may, numerous reformers other than battled to build their influence, locale, and riches. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The reformers won a few clashes and built up a reformer land along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, yet their triumphs had no enduring outcome. Be that as it may, the Crusades expanded previously bing contacts between the West and the East. These contacts prompted additional exchange and corporate greed. The reformers neglected to help through their main finishes. They recovered the Holy Land for a clasp yet could non set up suffering authority over the nation. Western and Eastern Christians joined to battle the Muslims. However, dealingss between the two gatherings of Christians, especially as an outcome of the Fourth Crusade, turned out to be sharp to the point that they prompted a legacy of disdain. The Byzantine Empire tumbled to the Ottoman Empir nutrient E in 1453. In add-on, the pope’s eminence declined in light of the fact that some Catholic Popes utilized the Crusades for individual and political option. Be that as it may, the Crusades other than advanced European life. For representation, they more distant invigorated financial developing by passing on expanded exchange between metropoliss that flanked the Mediterranean Sea. The Italian metropoliss of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa succeeded and became amazing by moving reformers and their provisions to the Middle East, where these metropoliss picked up benefits in areas vanquished during the Crusades. Products from Asia went through these areas on the way to the metropoliss in Italy. Western Europeans other than figured out how to build better ships and accomplish progressively precise maps during the Crusades. They started to use attractive compasses to state waies. The Crusades were of just unassuming significance contrasted with the incredible business broadening or the ascent of governments in Western Europe. In the leaders of the individuals of the crusading age, all things considered, the Crusades appeared to be extremely of import. Antiquarians one time thought the reformers who came back to Europe familiar Westerners with the products and lifestyles in the East. The historiographers believed that this contact extraordinarily impacted life in the West. As an outcome of the Crusades, students of history one time contended, Europeans were acquainted with so much focuses as sugar, silk, velvet, and glass mirrors. Present day historiographers, in any case, dismiss these announcements. They state that Europeans had known about sugar, silk, velvet, and glass reflects before the Crusades. These historiographers point to a wide aggregate of trade between Muslims, Byzantines, and Europeans numerous mature ages before the Crusades. Venice, most importantly, had served for some mature ages as a nexus between the East and West.

Coping With Gymnophobia or the Fear of Nudity

Coping With Gymnophobia or the Fear of Nudity Phobias Types Print Coping With Gymnophobia in Your Life Fear of Nudity By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 19, 2019 Spaces Images / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Gymnophobia, or the fear of nudity, is a highly personalized phobia. Some people with this fear are afraid only of being naked in public, as is the case in communal showers or changing rooms. However, some people also fear being naked while theyre with their partner or even when theyre on their own. Others fear being naked alone as well. Many people with gymnophobia are unable to participate in sexual activities  and may develop a more generalized fear of sex  that stems from their gymnophobia. In extreme cases, this fear can even lead to a phobia of bathing or showering. Some people are comfortable with their own nakedness  but fear the nudity of others. Causes Gymnophobia can have many different causes. Those who have been through a sexual trauma are certainly at increased risk for the phobia, partially because they feel especially vulnerable when naked or they experience nudity as a triggering event. Fear of nudity (or, more commonly, a fear of sex) can also be brought about by being raised in a conservative culture or  religion that frowns on nudity and sexual expression. Children and young teens may also develop this fear if they are bullied or shamed for some reason related to their bodies, for example, if they are developing more or less rapidly than their peers. Gymnophobia is sometimes related to other anxieties as well, such as the fear of vulnerability or the fear of intimacy. It may also be linked to body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety, and other conditions that cause people to be unusually critical of themselves. Lastly, having surgical scars or other disfigurements can cause increased shame of ones body that can easily develop into gymnophobia. Coping Strategies Many people with gymnophobia find that simple adjustments help them to keep their fears at bay. For example, they may refuse to shop in stores that have communal dressing rooms, they can skip the shower after a workout, and they may have sex with the lights off. For mild to moderate gymnophobia, this can be all thats required to keep the condition from disrupting their life. Over time, however, the fear can worsen, and gymnophobic persons can find themselves changing an increasingly long list of activities in order to prevent showing their bodies. Its when gymnophobia is having a profoundly disruptive effect on a persons life  â€" for example, they cease to bathe â€" that it is necessary to take action. Gymnophobia, like all phobias, responds well to a variety of treatment methods. Depending on your therapists school of thought, you may be encouraged to probe your past to determine the root cause of your fear. Or you may simply learn techniques for overcoming your current fearful thoughts. Whichever path you take, overcoming gymnophobia takes time and effort, but the rewards are well worth the trouble.

The Impact of Social Class and Stratification - 1728 Words

Skylar Freve Mr. Gompf Sociology 101 30 November, 2010 The Impact of Social Class/Stratification Stratification and the division of people into social classes is a fundamental part of American society. Stratification is a concept that is universal; it is found in every country, every nation of the world. It is a system in which large groups of people, not individuals, are divided into different layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Stratification applies not only to the different nations of the world as a whole, but to the different groups of people within those nations as well. Each of these groups is stratified into its own class; the group of people ranked most closely to them in property,†¦show more content†¦This group of power elite uses their status to affect only laws and changes that benefit them and perpetuate the cycle that keeps them at the top. So, while social mobility is possible within a class system, it is not always easy to come by (Henslin 207-210). Each social class is like a subculture of society with distinct appro aches to life. Your social class can affect your physical and mental health, family life, education, and influence your religion and politics. It can even affect your interactions with crime and the criminal justice system. The higher up the social ladder you are, the more access you have to better health care, advanced education, and other opportunities. Which social class you belong to affects your decision of whom to marry; whether you will vote democrat, republican, or not at all; and even which religious denomination you will belong to. Statistically, the upper classes tend to vote republican, the middle and working class democratic, and the lowest classes do not vote at all. Your social class can also affect your dealings with the criminal justice system. Most crimes are committed within the criminal’s home neighborhood, so lower classes are more likely to be victims of these crimes. From another aspect, the white-collar crimes of the privileged classes are gene rally dealt with outside the justice system, while the street crimes of the lower class are dealt with through police interaction and court cases. This meansShow MoreRelatedSocial Stratification1747 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress what social stratification is, and why sociologists consider it crucial to our understanding of today’s society. In addition it will also be discussing the three dimensions of social stratification and how we think its changed since the 1970s and 80s to today, and which theory we think best explains this change. Along with how the inequality of valued resources impacts America as a whole, and how the recent financial meltdown has made stratification worse in America. Stratification can be definedRead MoreStratification Impact On Society877 Words   |  4 Pages The meaning of stratification is inequalities between people, community or society. It can happen socially or economically based on social status, class, ethnicity, income, wealth, race, religion, gender and power. Stratification is an unfair situation and we can find it almost in every society. In this case, resources in a society distributed unequally. For instance, in some society men and women treated differently. In Asia, some community believes that women cannot eat before man orRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Stratification On Minorities1195 Words   |  5 Pages†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨The impact on minorities due to inequality†¨Introduction †¨During the course of this class I have learned about social problems within the society in which we live and around the world. 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I believe that there are more dangers than advantages to adopting a new multicultural perspective in America. There are many different characteristics that go into the different cultures which in adopting so, this can complicate the social structure. There are numerous different aspects that go into cultural perspective such as sexuality, deviance, race, gender, social stratificationRead MoreArgument Essay : The Land Of Opportunity 1146 Words   |  5 Pagesnotion that social structure pushes people around, influencing the ideas they hold and the lives they fashion (213). Personally, I agree with the author when he explains that this is largely due to history textbooks lacking imperative information about the ever-changing social stratif ication of the United States. This then leaves young Americans without the proper knowledge to fully contextualize the reasons for which opportunity in the United States is unequal due to social class imbalances forRead MoreSocial Inequality And Educational Opportunity And Health1577 Words   |  7 Pageseveryday life preferably thinking that there is no class stratification within America. They have thought that they no longer have those social classes that existed like a century ago (Ervin 7). Acknowledging the various social strata most often people prefer to ignore the disparity that is associated with them. Historically, social disparities relate to educational opportunity and health. However, a lot of improvements have been made in the social institutions and structures benefiting the entire

Farenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury - 1068 Words

Fire is a basic human necessity-capable of both causing devastation and sustaining life. With its various uses, fire’s symbolic meaning is ambiguous: to some, fire symbolizes destruction and death, yet to others it can symbolize passion, knowledge and comfort. Ray Bradbury successfully portrays the ambiguity of fire’s symbolism in Fahrenheit 451, as Montag’s mental transformation and relationship to society changes his understanding of fire; believing first that fire is simply a destructive force, to slowly understanding the comforting and unifying nature of fire. Bradbury first portrays fire as a destructive force, starting his novel with Montag burning books. With the brainwashed mindset of his society, â€Å"it was [Montag’s] pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (Bradbury 3). While the society sees burning as a pleasure, the fire depicted here embodies the elimination of knowledge and individualism as firemen â€Å"[stamp] out books and the freedom of thought that books represent† (â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†). In his description of the burning process, Bradbury uses words such as â€Å"venomous† and â€Å"death† to show the true nature of Montag’s profession, and while it brought him joy, his actions were truly destructive. Burning is also the most irreversible method of destruction, causing the complete obliteration of whatever is burned. In this way, the use of fire to get rid of books shows the intense desire of this society toSh ow MoreRelatedFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1274 Words   |  5 Pagesperil, and chaos. However, in the futuristic novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Fire symbolizes much more than just danger and destruction. Guy Montag, a firefighter who lights fires instead of putting them out, lives in a society that seems to revolve around destruction and the glory that burning certain objects brings them. Bradbury uses fire to symbolize the destructive way that the futuristic society functions. Not only does Bradbury use the symbol of fire to describe the society as a wholeRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury784 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The books are to remind us what fools we are† (Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451). Book Burning has been around ever since books have. All throughout history from biblical to modern time book have been burned. Rarely are books burned for no reason, some of the most common reasons books are burned for religiously or politically. However is burning books good or bad for society? Whether if book burning is good or bad depends on how you see the reason they are being burned. There are many ways that book burningRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury829 Words   |  3 Pagesfor her but he never showed them towards her. Montag decided to start opening up books and reading them. The books is an outlook on the future. The world is taking over. Bradbury had a vision of the upcoming future. He wanted to get his point across of the books. But the writer doesn’t understand Bradbury point of why people don’t like to read books. The writer feel like if you can read text messages or get on the internet to read then you can take your time out and open up a book toRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury2018 Words   |  8 Pagesthe end is near. 2. He shows Montag is a fireman but has a softer side when he runs into a young girl. He is different from other firemen because he listens to what the interesting girl is saying. 3. Montag has 451 engraved on his helmet because is a fireman so that is ID number. 451 also is the temperature at which paper burns. 4. When Montag met Clarisse, he had a different look on life. Before he met her, he did not realize all that was going on in the world and after he begins to questionRead MoreFarenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1171 Words   |  5 Pagesone another. Mr. Bradbury uses a lot of repetition in which at time I can’t understand or depict on what it’s trying to say. â€Å"Fool Montage, fool, fool, oh good you silly pool†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here it use fool at the repetitive about the sentence I can understand its clearly. Another is, â€Å"The old man would go on with this talking and this talking droopy, drop stone by the stone by the flake by flare. This sentence I can’t understand what it is saying, or why Bradbury chose these repetitiveRead MoreFarenheit 451- Lit By Ray Bradbury1168 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451- Lit. Critique The title of the book I read was Fahrenheit 451. The book was written by Ray Bradbury and was published in 1951. This book is about a dystopian America where there is extreme censorship and any media (mainly books) that questions the government is burned by a branch called the Firemen. The main character whose name is Guy Montag is a fireman who begins to realize that what he’s doing is wrong after meeting a young girl named Clarisse. As the book goes on it is revealedRead MoreAnalysis of Ray Bradbury ´s Farenheit 451689 Words   |  3 Pagesthe question â€Å"Are you happy† Montag’s Smile melts and, in essence, this serves as the start of Montag’s evolution. (4). Montag’s first encounter with Clarisse is described with a heavy amount of imaginary, particularly nature related imaginary. Ray Bradbury says â€Å"The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement... letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry her forward† (3). Nature is pure and devoid of any human illness (Technology, as used in the novel, is like bacteria/viruses). It is theRead MoreMontag’s Gradual Change in the Book Farenheit 451 Essay545 Words   |  3 PagesIn the book , Farenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, there are a lot of symbols present. But, the most omnipresent symbol is the fire symbol. The plot of this book depends solely on this symbol. The reason for this symbol’s importance is that Montag’s changing attitudes reflect the differing meanings of the fire symbol. If one examines the way Bradbury uses the fire symbol to reveal Montag’s attitude towards life and his society, one recognizes that everything has good and bad qualities. It is in alsoRead MoreThe Similarities Between Societies1321 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties Ray Bradbury is one of those rare individuals whose writing has changed the way people think, by a mere spark he has entranced the reader, just after a few short pages and you are hooked. He has more than five hundred published works that exemplify the American imagination at its most creative – from technological advances to futuristic societies. Also his timeless, constant appeal to audiences young and old has proven him to be one of the truly classic authors of today. Ray Bradbury incorporatesRead MoreCritical Response Fahrenheit 4511592 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel â€Å"Farenheit 451† written Ray Bradbury between 1950 and 1953 is thought provoking novel which raises important concerns about what the future may hold. Predominantly told through the eyes of the protagonist Guy Montag Bradbury warns humanity of a future containing mind manipulation, abuse of technology and heavy government censorship. The purpose of this book is clearly to warn society of the path we are headed to if we continue to value new technology over knowledge by showing us â€Å"that although

Everything Free Essays

Name Submittal Date Course Number and Section Week 6 Case Study Questions #1. ) Using the details of the case study, identify the stages – a beginning, middle, end, and an aftermath – of the conflict process that Edward and Elizabeth went through. The beginning was when Laura texted Edward back and he thought she was upset. We will write a custom essay sample on Everything or any similar topic only for you Order Now The middle was when Edward texted her back upset about her response. The end was when they argued at home of dumb stuff even though the argument was for no reason. The aftermath is now they are both mad at each other. 2. ) What is the disinhibition effect and how did it play a role in the case study? The disinhibtion effect is the loss of inhibitions when interacting with someone online that leads to the tendency to escalate the conflict. They weren’t watching how they were emailing so it seemed rude when she emailed it even though she didn’t mean to. #3. ) Discuss at least three strategies to alleviate online conflict, be it from texting, IMing, or emailing? How could have Edward and Elizabeth employed these strategies to avoid their conflict? There strategies to alleviate online conflict are too breath, plan your message don’t text real quick cause you might regret what you send. Avoid personal attach, name calling and emotional overstatement. Another would be too be sure you want to express your anger, sometimes it’s not worth the fight. Edward definitely should have breathed and made sure if he wanted to express his anger. #4. ) Often times we hold back our true feelings with a spouse or significant other because we assume the issue is trivial and not turning into a conflict. But how might not sharing your feelings with a spouse or significant other have a long-term effect on your relationship? Use specifics from the case study to support your answer. The long term effect is you start to resent your partner because you never express that he upset you. So when you finally do argue you bring up all that pushed back feelings and explode. Thus causing a much worse fight. In the case study I chose for him to confront her so there wasn’t really any held in emotion. #5. ) What are some of the skills and strategies used to maintain and escalate a close relationship? How could Edward and Elizabeth use these skills to overcome the issue they have with their electronically-mediated communication? Some of the skills to maintain a close relationship are to express emotions, provide comfort and social support engage in relationship talk, be tolerant and show restraint, and manage conflict cooperatively. They could express emotion using emoticons. Definitely show restraint and not text immediately when thinking someone is upset. Always see first if they upset before attacking them saying why are they mad and such. How to cite Everything, Papers

Everything Free Essays

Name Submittal Date Course Number and Section Week 6 Case Study Questions #1. ) Using the details of the case study, identify the stages – a beginning, middle, end, and an aftermath – of the conflict process that Edward and Elizabeth went through. The beginning was when Laura texted Edward back and he thought she was upset. We will write a custom essay sample on Everything or any similar topic only for you Order Now The middle was when Edward texted her back upset about her response. The end was when they argued at home of dumb stuff even though the argument was for no reason. The aftermath is now they are both mad at each other. 2. ) What is the disinhibition effect and how did it play a role in the case study? The disinhibtion effect is the loss of inhibitions when interacting with someone online that leads to the tendency to escalate the conflict. They weren’t watching how they were emailing so it seemed rude when she emailed it even though she didn’t mean to. #3. ) Discuss at least three strategies to alleviate online conflict, be it from texting, IMing, or emailing? How could have Edward and Elizabeth employed these strategies to avoid their conflict? There strategies to alleviate online conflict are too breath, plan your message don’t text real quick cause you might regret what you send. Avoid personal attach, name calling and emotional overstatement. Another would be too be sure you want to express your anger, sometimes it’s not worth the fight. Edward definitely should have breathed and made sure if he wanted to express his anger. #4. ) Often times we hold back our true feelings with a spouse or significant other because we assume the issue is trivial and not turning into a conflict. But how might not sharing your feelings with a spouse or significant other have a long-term effect on your relationship? Use specifics from the case study to support your answer. The long term effect is you start to resent your partner because you never express that he upset you. So when you finally do argue you bring up all that pushed back feelings and explode. Thus causing a much worse fight. In the case study I chose for him to confront her so there wasn’t really any held in emotion. #5. ) What are some of the skills and strategies used to maintain and escalate a close relationship? How could Edward and Elizabeth use these skills to overcome the issue they have with their electronically-mediated communication? Some of the skills to maintain a close relationship are to express emotions, provide comfort and social support engage in relationship talk, be tolerant and show restraint, and manage conflict cooperatively. They could express emotion using emoticons. Definitely show restraint and not text immediately when thinking someone is upset. Always see first if they upset before attacking them saying why are they mad and such. How to cite Everything, Papers

Truman Doctrine - Results Essays - Presidency Of Harry S. Truman

Truman Doctrine - Results The Truman Doctrine was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from isolationist to internationalists; thus we were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its inception - aid to Turkey and Greece - to its indirect influence in Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S. to issue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughout the world. However, our zeal in that achievement sent our soldiers to die in Vietnam and Korea for a seemingly futile cause. It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples. This is no more than a frank recognitions that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples . . . undermine the foundations of . . . peace and security of the United States. The Truman Doctrine would change the foreign policy of the United States and the world. This policy would first go in aid to support the democratic regimes in Turkey and Greece. These nations were being threatened by Soviet-supported rebels seeking to topple the government and install a Communist regime. The Soviets were also making extreme territorial demands especially concerning the Dardanelles. A direct influence of this Doctrine was, of course, the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was designed to give aid to any European country damaged during World War II. It tremendously helped ravaged European nations such as Italy and France. By helping them economically, the Marshall Plan indirectly helped to stem growing Communist sentiment in these countries. The process whereby the Truman Doctrine came to fruition was a long and arduous one. After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States stood at the pinnacle of world power. By the late '40's, the U.S.S.R. had caught up to the United States' nuclear weapons programs. In addition, they were very land-hungry. Throughout Russia's history, they have been in search of a port - a quest advanced further by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. The Soviets in that respect were direct threats to their non-Communist neighbors: Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In Iran, the U.S.S.R. was not evacuating Iran's northern provinces despite entreaties from the United States. In Turkey, the Soviet Union coveted several naval bases along the Straits of Dardanelles. Further, they pressured Turkey for border cessions that Turkey had taken from Russia after World War I. In Greece, the Soviets encouraged the insurgent leader Markos Vafiades with arms and economic support. The British troops helping the Grecian government were strangled of supplies due to poor economic times in Britain. Also, further territorial requisitions to Yugoslavia, Albania, and Bulgaria were being made. Seeing the deteriorating U.S. - Soviet relations, Truman issued two statements about "agreements, violations, reparations, and Soviet actions threatening U.S. security." "1. The Middle East is of strategic importance to the U.S.S.R.(from which they are in range of an air attack.) 2. The U.S. must be prepared to wage atomic and biological warfare." (Ferrel 247) Soon after, he sent bombers to the Middle East. He desired the return of all arms given to U.S.S.R. under the Lend-Lease Act. There isn't a doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and seizure of the Black Sea straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making, How many divisions have you? Truman had his eye on the Soviets and on war. However, The U.S.S.R. never made such invasions and thus quelled Truman's paranoia. The Truman Doctrine was starting to develop during 1947 when Truman issued several statements. 1. The present Russian ambassador . . . persona non grata . . . does not belong in Washington. 2. Urge Stalin to pay us a visit. 3. Settle the Korean question . . . give the Koreans a government of their own. 4. Settle the Manchurian question . . . support Chang Kai-Shek for a strong China. 5. Agree to discussion of Russia's lend-lease debt to the U.S. 6. Agree to commercial air treaty. 7. Make it plain that we have no territorial ambitions. That we only want peace, but we'll fight for it! Truman also set several goals for questioned territories: The U.S. would go to war if provoked. The Danube, Trieste, Dardanelles, Kiel Canal, and Rhine-Danube

How to Get a Commercial Drivers License (CDL)

How to Get a Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Congratulations on your decision to start your career as a Professional Truck Driver! You are entering a field that is in high demand, so your chances of getting a job and becoming a truck driver are more than excellent!The first thing you have to do is to get your commercial driver’s licence (CDL).Different states have different guidelines, click on your state below to find out how you can get started.AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingThe Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration works with each individual state to license and certify drivers.The Commercial Motor Vehicle Sa fety Act of 1986 was designed to improve highway safety. It ensured that drivers of commercial vehicles are qualified to drive them and removed unsafe drivers from the highways. The Act established minimum standards and required states to upgrade their existing programs.Before the Act was passed, even in states with separate license classes, drivers were not necessarily tested in the types of vehicles they would be driving. States must now test commercial drivers according to federal standards to ensure that drivers know how to operate the trucks or buses they intend to drive.CDL Classes for Every StateThere are separate classes of commercial driver’s licenses. Every state issues licenses in these categories:Class A: Any combination of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GWVR) of 26,001 or more pounds, provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds.Class B: Any single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 or more pounds, or any such vehicle tow ing a vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds GVWR.Class C: Any single vehicle, or combination of vehicles, that does not meet the definition of Class A or Class B, but is either designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, or is placarded for hazardous materials.The license allows you to drive at the class(es) below it. So If you have a Class A license, you can drive Class A, B, and C vehicles. Those with a Class B license can drive Class B and C vehicles.EndorsementsTo be licensed for certain types of commercial vehicles, extra testing is required. If you pass, you will receive an endorsement on your CDL. These are the endorsements that you can apply for:T―Double/Triple Trailers (knowledge test only)P―Passenger (knowledge and skills tests)N―Tank Vehicle (knowledge test only)H―Hazardous Materials (knowledge test only)S―School Buses (knowledge and skills tests)Applying for a Hazardous Materials Background CheckAfter you get a C DL, apply for a background check from the  TSA if you’ll be obtaining a hazardous materials endorsement. You may do this online or by contacting a TSA agent. They will ask for:Your CDL or CDL permit number.Proof of legal status.Proof of Identity.Next, the TSA will ask you to go to a fingerprint office to give your fingerprints. The TSA and the FBI will conduct background investigations. You will be responsible for various  fees.   Learn more here.If you already have your noncommercial driver’s license, check this round up of state guidelines and see what you’ll need to do to be certified to drive safely behind the wheel of a commercial rig!

Sending Emails With Attachments Using Delphi Indy

Sending Emails With Attachments Using Delphi Indy Below are instructions for creating an email sender that includes an option for sending email messages and attachments directly from a Delphi application. Before we begin, consider the alternative... Suppose you have an application that operates on some database data, among other tasks. Users need to export data from your application and send the data through an email (like an error report). Without the approach outlined below, you have to export the data to an external file and then use an email client to send it. Sending Email From Delphi There are many ways you can send an email directly from Delphi, but the simplest way is to use the ShellExecute API. This will send the email using the default email client installed on the computer. While this approach is acceptable, youre unable to send attachments this way.   Another technique uses Microsoft Outlook and OLE to send  the email, this time with attachment support, but MS Outlook is then required to be used. Yet another option is to use Delphis built-in support for the Windows Simple Mail API. This works only if the user  has a MAPI-compliant email program installed. The technique were discussing here uses Indy  (Internet Direct) components - a great internet component suite comprised of popular internet protocols written in Delphi and based on blocking sockets. The TIdSMTP (Indy) Method Sending (or retrieving) email messages with Indy components (which ships with Delphi 6) is as easy as dropping a component or two on a form, setting some properties, and clicking a button. To send an email with attachments  from Delphi using Indy, well need two components. First, the TIdSMTOP is used to connect and communicate (send mail) with an SMTP server. Second, the TIdMessage handles the storing and encoding of the messages. When the message is constructed (when TIdMessage  is filled with data), the email is delivered to an SMTP server using the TIdSMTP. Email Sender Source Code Ive created a simple mail sender project that I explain below. You can download the full source code here. Note:  That link is a direct download to the ZIP file for the project. You should be able to open it without any problems, but if you cant, use 7-Zip to open the archive so you can extract out the project files (which are stored in a folder called SendMail). As you can see from the design-time screenshot, to send an email using the TIdSMTP component, you at least need to specify the SMTP mail server (host). The message itself needs the regular email parts filled out, like the From, To, Subject, etc. Heres the code that handles sending one email with an attachment: procedure TMailerForm.btnSendMailClick(Sender: TObject) ; begin   Ã‚  StatusMemo.Clear;   Ã‚  //setup SMTP   Ã‚  SMTP.Host : ledHost.Text;   Ã‚  SMTP.Port : 25;   Ã‚  //setup mail message   Ã‚  MailMessage.From.Address : ledFrom.Text;   Ã‚  MailMessage.Recipients.EMailAddresses : ledTo.Text , ledCC.Text;   Ã‚  MailMessage.Subject : ledSubject.Text;   Ã‚  MailMessage.Body.Text : Body.Text;   Ã‚  if FileExists(ledAttachment.Text) then TIdAttachment.Create(MailMessage.MessageParts, ledAttachment.Text) ;   Ã‚  //send mail   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SMTP.Connect(1000) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SMTP.Send(MailMessage) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  except on E:Exception do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  StatusMemo.Lines.Insert(0, ERROR: E.Message) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if SMTP.Connected then SMTP.Disconnect;   Ã‚  end; end; (* btnSendMail Click *) Note:  Inside the source code, youll find two extra procedures that are used to make the values of the Host, From, and To edit boxes persistent, using an INI file for storage.

Circuit Protection and Polyphase Motors Assignment

Circuit Protection and Polyphase Motors - Assignment Example These techniques result in a high arc voltage to control over current and voltage during a fault in operation. Types of Air Blast Circuit Breakers: The Air blast circuit breakers can be divided into the following three types: (a). Axial Blast ABCB (b). Axial Blast ABCB with Side Moving Contact (c). Cross Blast ABCB Construction: (a). Axial Blast ABCB The axial blast air ABCB consists of two contacts; one is fixed and the other is movable. The fixed contact has an arcing chamber with a spring loading mechanism, and a nozzle orifice over which the movable contact rests under the normal closed condition. In case a fault arises, a high Figure 1.Axial Blast ABCB (Courtesy:www.electrical4u.com) air pressure in the arcing chamber causes the spring to deform. This produces an effect of lengthening and cooling of the air column in the chamber which pushes out the movable contact. As a result of these changes an arc voltage is produced which is much higher than the system voltage. The disparit y in voltage levels results in the quenching of the arc produced. (b). Axial Blast ABCB with side moving contact: Figure 2. ... As a result, an arc is drawn between the fixed and movable contact, which is passed over to the arcing electrode. This causes the surge to be quenched. (c). Cross Blast ABCB Figure 3. Cross Blast ABCB (Courtesy:www.electrical4u.com) The cross blast ABCB has a fixed blast pipe. The moving contact’s movement is perpendicular to the direction of the air blast from the blast pipe. An exhaust chamber having arc splitters is fitted on the same alignment as the blast pipe. When the movable contact is detached from the fixed contact an arc is established. High pressure air coming from the blast pipe enters the exhaust chamber after passing through the contact breaker, forcefully taking the arc into the exhaust chamber. This results in the quenching of the arc. 1. b. OIL-FILLED CIRCUIT BREAKER Working Principle: The oil-filled circuit breaker is one of the oldest types of circuit breakers. It employs mineral oil as the insulating medium to quench the surging arc. The fixed as well as t he movable contacts are immersed in oil; as a result the arc forms a bubble in the oil. The energy of the arc is utilized to decompose the oil into hydrogen gas. As a result arc quenching is obtained. Types of Oil Circuit Breakers: Oil circuit breakers can be broadly classified into two categories: (a). Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker (b). Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker (a). Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker Construction: Figure 4. Conceptual view of the Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker. (Courtesy:www.electrical4u.com) The bulk oil circuit breakers employ transformer insulating oil as the insulating and arc quenching medium. The current carrying contacts (fixed and movable) and the earthed parts of the circuit breaker are placed in a large quantity of oil in a closed tank or vessel. The oil

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU Essay

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU or the IASB Give reasons for your judgement - Essay Example Why? Because if an investor is interested in trading and putting his money which cumulatively accumulates as the region’s capital cannot invest in the member state which has different accounting standards as compared to his state, thus forcing him to invest in his state as he is not able to compare the financials of the other state leading to a non optimal distribution of capital. So for smooth and optimal distribution of capital across the European Union, it decided to go for an all out conversion of accounting standards, making the region more investor friendly and helping its political cause as well (Susanne & Christina, 2003). Even though standardisation of accounts was a welcome change for investors and industry as a whole, the reason behind the selection of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) promulgated by IASB was questioned. It could be answered in two steps, one which was politically motivated and other which was more accounting standard oriented. In 1990s there were an increased mergers and acquisitions involving European companies within European Union and out of it, which increased the pressure of having a unified and standardised form of reporting system. Globalisation of capital market and international fund movement was mounting throughout the 90s. EU securities exchange allowed companies to list themselves if they were reported according to GAAP or IAS, the only possible way to remain in the global securities market which was constantly dominated by the United States. The European Union governments feared that this way US GAAP would become the international standard for financial reporting. Therefore, a need for a competing set of standard for reporting financials was deeply felt to counter the US dominance and their dictatorship over the rules of accounts to be followed worldwide. Thus, the option boiled down to two accounting standards: â€Å"European† standard or IASB accounting standard. Historical unsuccess ful combination

Revolution in France: Who Benefited Most From The Collapse Of The Ancien Regime? :: European Europe History

Revolution in France: Who Benefited Most From The Collapse Of The Ancien Regime? The Ancien Regime (French for Old Order) was the way society was run, in a period in French history occurring before the French Revolution (1789 - 1799). France was ruled by an absolute monarchy (a system where the king was classed as divine - an infallible role) King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The French society was separated into classes or Estates. The first Estate was the Clergy who were extremely rich. There were about 100,000 of these people. They had control over censorship of the press and of educational institutions Their wealth came from the Roman Catholic Church, which was made up of the upper and lower Estates. The upper, Bishops and Abbots who had the authority and the lower, Priests and Monks who had a modest income and had no say in church affairs. The Second Estate was the Aristocracy or Nobility, which was made up of about 400,000 people. They owned 20% of all the land in France and paid no taxes. They were very wealthy and enjoyed a carefree life. Their only grievance was the power that the First Estate held. The Second Estate were the men who held positions in the government. They were also exempt from taxes. The special concern of the Second Estate was to see that the King did not introduce tax reform. They wanted more political power to make sure events like this did not happen. While they denounced the monarchy's absolutism they wanted to set up their own form of it. The third and largest Estate was made up of the Bourgeoisie (educated and privileged middle class) and the Serfs (peasants). The King and the Aristocracy enjoyed parties, banquets and tax exemptions, while the Bourgeoisie and serfs had to pay heavy taxes. Many of the serfs died from starvation and the living suffered under enormous financial hardships. The Third Estate had no success in voting because of the differing opinions about the tax system between them and the Second Estate. The Third Estate despised the privileges of the Second Estate and hated the tax system, which involved only themselves, the majority, paying the heavy taxes. There was a huge need amongst the Third Estate, who represented the 'people' of France for tax reform. The Second Estate worsened this situation because they were determined not to give up their tax concessions. Revolution in France: Who Benefited Most From The Collapse Of The Ancien Regime? :: European Europe History Revolution in France: Who Benefited Most From The Collapse Of The Ancien Regime? The Ancien Regime (French for Old Order) was the way society was run, in a period in French history occurring before the French Revolution (1789 - 1799). France was ruled by an absolute monarchy (a system where the king was classed as divine - an infallible role) King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The French society was separated into classes or Estates. The first Estate was the Clergy who were extremely rich. There were about 100,000 of these people. They had control over censorship of the press and of educational institutions Their wealth came from the Roman Catholic Church, which was made up of the upper and lower Estates. The upper, Bishops and Abbots who had the authority and the lower, Priests and Monks who had a modest income and had no say in church affairs. The Second Estate was the Aristocracy or Nobility, which was made up of about 400,000 people. They owned 20% of all the land in France and paid no taxes. They were very wealthy and enjoyed a carefree life. Their only grievance was the power that the First Estate held. The Second Estate were the men who held positions in the government. They were also exempt from taxes. The special concern of the Second Estate was to see that the King did not introduce tax reform. They wanted more political power to make sure events like this did not happen. While they denounced the monarchy's absolutism they wanted to set up their own form of it. The third and largest Estate was made up of the Bourgeoisie (educated and privileged middle class) and the Serfs (peasants). The King and the Aristocracy enjoyed parties, banquets and tax exemptions, while the Bourgeoisie and serfs had to pay heavy taxes. Many of the serfs died from starvation and the living suffered under enormous financial hardships. The Third Estate had no success in voting because of the differing opinions about the tax system between them and the Second Estate. The Third Estate despised the privileges of the Second Estate and hated the tax system, which involved only themselves, the majority, paying the heavy taxes. There was a huge need amongst the Third Estate, who represented the 'people' of France for tax reform. The Second Estate worsened this situation because they were determined not to give up their tax concessions.

Peplau’s Contribution to the Advancement of Nursing Knowledge Essay

Peplau’s Contribution to the Advancement of Nursing Knowledge in Support of Multidisciplinary Science Nursing is still a young profession that is still evolving. It is still developing its theoretical support for the nursing practice and how its discipline is unique from other disciplines (Johnson, B. & Webber, and P.). Many of the nursing theorists have drawn from other disciplines (psychology, sociology etc.) in forming their nursing theories. Hildegard Peplau is one of those theorists who used another discipline in formulation of her Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Theory. In this paper, I will describe her career development and how she contributed to nursing’s body of knowledge, showing her support of multidisciplinary science. I will also describe how her theory has been adopted within the nursing field by reporting the results of a current literature review. Peplau’s Career and How She Contributed to Nursing’s Body of Knowledge It is important to know Peplau’s nursing education in order to understand how she came to think and perceive the nursing profession, its practice and theory, particularly with an influence from the science of psychology. Peplau entered the nursing profession after earning a diploma in nursing at a hospital in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. She took a variety of nursing positions and within a few years, she earned her Baccalaureate Degree in Psychology. It was then that Peplau really began to form her ideas about psychiatric nursing and the nursing profession (Holden, 2002). She worked in psychiatric nursing afterwards and was greatly influenced from working with Eric and Frieda Fromm, who were highly influential and successful psychologists at that time. She was also in contact with and influenced by Harry Stack Sullivan. During World War II she stationed in London at a neuropsychiatric center. While she was there she had conversations with many significant people in psychiatry. During her shifts, the psychiatrists would discuss their cases and it became an extension of her psychiatric course work from her Bachelor Degree in Psychology (Holden, 2002)Afterwards, over several years, Peplau earned her Masters and Doctorate Degrees at Teacher’s College at Columbia University and her Doctorate in Education (Parker & Smith, 2010). She was also certified in psychoanalysis by the William Alanson White Institute of New York City, in the early 1950’s. In her career she not only developed the Interpersonal Relation  Theory of Nursing but developed several graduate psychiatric nursing programs (Holden, 2002). Hildegard Peplau received special recognition by the ANA Council of Advanced Practitioners in Psychiatric/ Mental Health Nursing. Because of her extensive education and exposure to the science of psychology (and some of its finest professional member’s), she was able to pave the way for psychiatric nursing within the nursing profession. Up until her influence, it was the nurse’s responsibility to simply administer the medication the psychiatrists ordered and assist the patient with basic health care as needed. Peplau’s Support of Multidisciplinary Sciences in the Field of Nursing It is obvious that Peplau’s development of the Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Theory also was birthed out of her psychology/psychiatry education and experience. It was her goal to bring psychiatric nursing to more that nurses giving medication and caring for basic physical needs. She was the mother of psychiatric nursing. She paved the way for nurses to practice psychotherapy by first training them to â€Å"talk to patients†. Her theory was greatly influenced by Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory. Sullivan was the first American psychiatrist to develop a Comprehensive Personality Theory and saw psychiatric problems as being developed from bad interpersonal relationships. (Slide show site). Peplau also utilized the discipline of â€Å"education† to further her development and promotion of the Interpersonal Relations Theory. She also utilized it to train other’s in more advanced ways of practicing as psychiatric nursing (Holden, 2002). Peplau did not only show her approval of using the multidiscipline sciences in nursing by utilizing them in her practice and teaching, but she taught that this was the best practice to do in the field of nursing. In an interview that was done in 1999 she was questioned on the use of other disciplines by nursing and was it acceptable for nurses to practice using someone else’s knowledge. She answered by first saying that she promoted scientific research in neuropsychiatry, genetics and biochemistry and had served on government committees regarding them. She believed that it was important for nurses to continue to study and know about human beings biologically and about their existence in the environment (Spray, 1999). She confirmed that she always supported the development of all social sciences. She hoped that â€Å"the  basics of science (neuroscience, biology, and brain research) and the social sciences (the psychosocial humanistic piece), that is, the connections and the integrations of these, will be identified and formulated â€Å" (Spray, 1999). In saying that she validated the use of all knowledge, coming together so as to serve nursing in becoming its best. The writer believes, with many others, that Hildegard Peplau was a great pioneer in the nursing profession and not only supported multidiscipline of sciences for use in nursing but exemplified it wonderfully. Literature Review on Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations Theory of Nursing A literary review, using the subject for research as â€Å"Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory of Nursing† was done using ProQuest’s website for peer-reviewed literary articles. The result is that the subject was discussed in 95 peer reviewed journals and two trade journals. Using Google Books a research was done using the same. There were too many books, including psychiatric text books by Brunner and Saddarth and Lippincott, which included a full description on Peplau and her founding nursing theory. It is quite obvious that her theory has been adopted by nursing profession. She has been called the â€Å"mother of psychiatric nursing† (Holden, 2002). References Gregg, D. (1999, Jul-Sep ). Hildegard E. Peplau: Her contributions. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 35(3), 10-12. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200788729?accountid=34574 Holden, M. (2002, Nov.). Hildegard Peplau: Psychiatric Nurse of the Century. Military Medicine, 167(12), 111. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/217052138?accountid=34574 Parker, M. (2010). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. Philadelphia, PA, United States of America: FA Davis. Spray, S. L. ( 1999, Jul-Sep ). The evolution of the psychiatric clinical nurse specialist: An interview with Hildegard E. Peplau. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 35(3), 27-37. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200788948?accountid=34574

The Applications Of Cluster Analysis - 1379 Words

Cluster Analysis Introduction Cluster analysis is the technique of grouping individuals into market segments on the basis of the multivariate survey information (Dolnicar, 2003). Market segmentation remains one of the most fundamental strategies for marketing. Organizations have to evaluate and choose the segments wisely as their target as this will determine how the organization will be in the marketplace. The quality of groupings management that an organization opts for is very paramount for the organizational success, and it calls for professional use of techniques to determine useful segments. Cluster analysis provides a plentiful of techniques employed in determining the number of segments and their characteristics (Wedel Kamakura,†¦show more content†¦The organizations may also find helpful information on the Internet as there are many organizations that put their data online. 2. Segmentation After an organization gathers data from the market research, an organization then can embark on market segmentation. As companies cannot connect with all of their potential customers, they need to divide markets into groups of consumers, clients, or customers with similar needs or wants (Sarstedt Mooi, 2014). In other words, it is the grouping together of potential customers by their willingness or their potential willingness in buying of the product you plan to sell. It is important also to note that customers should not only be willing to make purchases from your company but also they must also have sufficient income for them to qualify to become your customers. The variables, in this case, which are vital include gender, age, home ownership, or loyalty to a particular brand that you must overcome. 3. Carrying out market analysis Once the relevant data is in hand, the next step is the carrying out of a final market analysis. In this phase, you ought to be looking at a specific customer base that you will have to target with your product. You need to do a keen observation to find out if among the clusters formed there are custgome4rs large enough to justify your targeted marketing. After identifying the customers that justify your criteria, and then you must start your marketing campaign. At this juncture, youShow MoreRelatedCluster Analysis And Factor Analysis1468 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Cluster analysis has many different algorithms and methods to classify objects(Saunders, 1994). One of the challenges faced by the researchers in different areas is to organize their data which is possible by cluster analysis, it is a data analysis tool which focus on classifying the different objects into groups such that the degree of association of the objects in a same group is highest if they belong and least if they do not belong. 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